Genetic foods in Canada
At least
a dozen crop species have been introduced in Canada so far, along with several
dozen genetically engineered food enzymes, used as aids in food processing. This
could be the tip of the iceberg as over 4,000 field projects are in progress worldwide.
Transgenic tomatoes
Used in canned tomato products including
puree, imported ketchup and pizza sauces. These tomatoes can carry anti-ripening
genes, antibiotic markers and genes to make the plants resistant to herbicides.
Flounder genes have been added to some varieties to make them more resistant to
bruising.
Insect-resistant potatoes
The bacterium toxin Basillus thuringiensis
(BT) has been added to potato genes to kill insects, as a substitute to spraying
with insecticides. Scientists try to confine the toxin to the leaves or roots
of the plant, but because current techniques are not that selective, the toxin
becomes expressed in varying degrees throughout the plant, including in the parts
we eat! These potatoes are marketed in Canada even though scientists claim they
could cause allergies in certain people or toxicity in individuals with lower
stomach acidity due to ulcer medications or antacids.
Corn
BT (see above)
has also been added to the genes of corn to kill insects, in spite of concerns
that these products may be toxic or allergenic to certain individuals. Herbicide
resistant varieties have also been approved.
Soybeans and canola oil
These are among the first of many approved foods genetically engineered to be
resistant to herbicides. This means that farmers can spray fields with higher
levels of chemicals to kill the weeds without damaging crops. Effects include
increased contamination of our food and environment, the unknown effects of gene
pollution, and disruption of the environment due to herbicide-resistant super-weeds
that may result from cross-pollination.
Yeast
Genetically engineered
varieties are approved and could be used in some beer, bread, spreads, food supplements,
pizza crust, and other processed foods.
Rennet
Manufactured using genetically
engineered bacteria used to make cheese; the whey residues are then used in chocolate
and margarine production.
Enzymes
Bread, baby foods, sugar, fruit juices,
beer, baking powder, etc. often contain genetically engineered enzymes utilized
in the manufacturing processes.
Other Foods
Other plants already in field
trials in Canada or awaiting approval for marketing include strawberries, mustard,
flax, spring wheat and tobacco. Products to come to Canada through imports in
the near future include long shelf life pineapples, slow ripening bananas, papaya,
sugar beets and low-caffeine, aromatic coffee beans. Nutrasweet, used widely in
soft drinks, is also made by genetic biotechnology.