SHUNYATA
Sunnata.
(Skt. Shunyata) "Emptiness" (sunnata) in Pali contexts is not the metaphysical
Zero (Nonbeing as the principle of Being, Infinite Possibility as distinguished
from Indefinite Actuality), but a characteristic of this world, as in S IV.295
96, where it has been explained that when the Almsman returns from a deathlike
Contemplation in which consciousness and feeling have been arrested, "three
touches touch him," "emptiness (sunnato)," "formlessness (animito)"
and "making no plans (appanihito phasso)," and he discriminates (viveka)
accordingly; and the meaning of "emptiness" 'is explained at M 1.29,
"emancipation of the mind by Emptiness (sunnata ceto vimutti) being consequent
upon the realization that `this world is empty of spirit or anything spiritual'
(sunnam idam attena va attaniyena) "; sunnata is synonymous with anatta;
of which it really only paraphrases and isolates the privative AN. It is no doubt
in the same sense that in A 1.72, "the texts are coupled with `emptiness'
(suttanta . . . sunnata patisannuta) "; there is, in fact, nothing more characteristic
of Buddhist teaching that its constant resort to negatives (above all in the sense
of the word anatta), which even some contemporary hearers found perplexing. The
denial of spirituality to contingent things in particular is a denial of any real
essence to these things in themselves, and thus forms the basis of the more sweeping
sunyavada doctrine which in the Mahayana denies not any "value" but
any essence to even the Buddha's appearance and to the promulgation of the Dhamma
itself. If such a doctrine disturbs us, it may be found more palatably expressed
in the Vajracchedika Sutra thus, "Those who see me in the body (rupena) and
think of me in sounds (ghosaih), their way of thinking is false, they do not see
me at all . . . . The Buddha cannot be rightly understood (rjuboddhum) by any
means (upayena). Not that "means" are not dispositive to a right understanding,
but that if regarded as ends, even the most adequate means are a hindrance. In
such a radical iconoclasm as this all traditional teachings are finally agreed.
What is true of ethics is also true of the supports of contemplation: as in the
well known Parable of the Raft, the means are of no more use when the goal has
been reached.
Westerners have most heinously misapprehended common Upanishadic/Vedantic
as well as Buddhistic neti-neti (not this not that), and come, erroneously, to
a fallacious conclusion that Buddhism in any way whatsoever negated the Absolute,
or foundation of absolute being which lies before becoming and antecedent to paticcasamuppada
(contingent manifestation), for as Gotama advocated "(Udana 1.81) There is,
an unborn, an unoriginated, an unmade, and an unformed. If there were not monks,
this unborn, unoriginated, unmade and unformed, there would be no way out for
the born, the originated, the made and the formed." Tibetan stupidity and
namely Madhyamika doctrine is notorious for misapprehension of highly esoteric
Indian via-negativa philosophical dialectic.
Uparipanna'sa-Att. 4.151 "Having
become the very Soul, this is deemed non-emptiness (asuñña)"
MN 1.297 What friend is emancipation of the mind by means of devoidness (sunnata)?
Herein a follower has gone to a clearing in the forest and the root of a tree
and investigates thusly: 'This is devoid (sunnamidam) of the Soul and what the
Soul subsists upon." This is called emancipation of the mind by means of
devoidness (sunnata cetovimmuti).
MN 1.298 The fixed unshakable emancipation
of the mind is devoid of (suñña) lusts, devoid of (suñña)
hate, and devoid of (suñña) delusions.