The Notion of Shunyata - Emptiness
The
next important concept is the notion of sunyata, which means emptiness. Sunyata
normally has a negative connotation, meaning things do not have any inherent existence
or do not have any substantiality. The lack of that substantiality is emptiness.
In Yogacara philosophy, emptiness begins to assume a positive connotation. This
is also true in tantra. Emptiness is no longer regarded as the total negation
of the substantiality of things. In fact, emptiness begins to assume the role
of being the absolute, the ground upon which the phenomenal world functions and
exists. So, it becomes an affirmation of negation. That is very interesting, because
normally, if you negate something, that's the end of it. In the Yogacarin and
tantric concept, negation itself becomes the affirmation of something that we
don't normally have access to. It is a reality that can be perceived and tuned
into, not through ordinary means of knowledge, but through a higher form of knowledge.
As you begin to transform your negativities into something positive and higher,
then, as you proceed, you also begin to apprehend reality or sunyata in a much
more precise way
In tantra, sunyata is even called the unshakable vajra. It's
so real and solid that we can't deny its existence. To say that in strict Madhyamikan
terms would be shocking. When the chair you sit on is insubstantial and the glass
that you drink from is insubstantial, how could emptiness, which you can't even
see, be more solid and real than what we are experiencing now? Tantrikas and Yogacarins
almost, in some ways, substantialise the notion of emptiness. It becomes the ground
or the reality upon which the phenomenal or relative world exists.